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Intro: Different vaccines against COVID-19 have been approved by the World Health Organization (WHO) at different stages, however, limited data is available on long-term kinetics of antibodies induced by vaccines. This study was performed to investigate the persistence and dynamicity of BBV-152 (Covaxin)- and AZD1222 (Covishield)-induced immunoglobulin-G (IgG) antibodies over the year and neutralizing antibodies' status after the one-month post booster dose. Method(s): This 52-week longitudinal cohort study documented antibody persistence and neutralizing antibody status among 278 health-care workers (HCWs) from four different healthcare and research facilities in Odisha, enrolled in January 2021 and continued until March 2022. An automated chemiluminescence immune assay (CLIA) platform from Abbott Diagnostics was used to quantify IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2's spike receptor-binding domain (RBD) and a surrogate virus neutralization test (sVNT) was performed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). If any participants developed any symptoms of COVID-19, nasopharyngeal swabs were collected and sent to ICMR- RMRC, Bhubaneswar for RT-PCR confirmation. Finding(s): Among the 243 participants, 119 HCWs (48.97%) were Covaxin recipients and the remaining 124 (51.02%) were Covishield recipients. During the seven follow- ups, 104 participants (42.79%) were identified as vaccine breakthrough cases. In 139 non-infected HCWs, the median antibody titer significantly waned after ten months of double dose, both for Covaxin (342.7 AU/mL at DD1 vs 43.9 AU/mL at DD10) and Covishield (2325.8 AU/mL at DD3 vs 595.2 AU/mL at DD10). No statistically significant differences in antibody titers were observed based on age, gender, comorbidities, and blood groups. The median inhibition activity of sVNT was increased significantly for Covaxin and Covishield booster recipients. Among the booster dose recipients, 24 had breakthrough cases by the Omicron variant. Conclusion(s): Results of this longitudinal cohort study can be used to implement vaccination strategies and could also aid in tracking and designing vaccine mandates to minimize vaccine escape.Copyright © 2023
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Introduction: Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) has been creating havoc worldwide since the first report in December, 2019. Vaccination against the disease was thought to bring respite, reducing the severity of disease, morbidity and mortality. However, considering the fact that no vaccine is fully efficient, people may get COVID-19 even after full vaccination. Aim: To determine the clinical, laboratory, radiological features of COVID-19 including the outcome and compare these between vaccinated and unvaccinated patients. Materials and Methods: The prospective observational study was conducted in a dedicated COVID-19 hospital in Odisha, India, from May 2021 to June 2021. Detailed history including symptoms and vaccination status, laboratory parameters, and radiological investigations were collected from 200 patients. The cases were classified as mild, moderate and severe as per the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW) guidelines. All the patients were followed till the end of hospital stay. The results were expressed as the mean±standard deviation and percentages. Chi-square test was used to compare the categorical variables, and unpaired t-test was used to compare two discrete variables. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Majority of the patients were unvaccinated (65%) and belonged to the age group of 39-59 years (58.5%). Among the non vaccinated patients, 32.3% had moderate disease, while 35.4% had severe disease. In the vaccinated group, 51.4% had moderate disease, whereas only 28.6% patients developed severe disease. Increased Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), D-dimer levels, and radiological evidence of pneumonia in chest radiology were witnessed in both groups. Inflammatory markers between the vaccinated and unvaccinated groups did not show any statistical significance (p>0.05). A total of 12 (6%) patients died, out of which five were vaccinated (p=0.6). Conclusion: Vaccination is found to be protective in terms of disease severity and mortality. Vaccination of all individuals is recommended to curb the wrath of the virus.
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Background & objectives: : During any public health emergency, a need-based national non-communicable diseases (NCD) preparedness plan is essential. People living with NCDs could face challenges owing to restricted mobility, low access to medical care and suboptimal logistics during the pandemic. The present study explored the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on NCD care in a district of Odisha State of India. Methods: : This study was carried out during May-June 2020 in the Khurda district of Odisha. A community-based explanatory mixed-method study was followed. Data collection comprised 12 in-depth interviews and 491 structured interviews using Likert-questionnaire with individuals having at least one NCD. Mantel-Haenszel's Chi-square test was used to assess the difference in the effect of COVID-19 on the routine NCD care. Qualitative data were analyzed by content analysis. Results: : Findings revealed that nearly two-thirds of participants encountered challenges in their routine investigation (69%), day-care procedures (67%) and reaching hospital (61%). Around half of them reported having trouble in doctor appointments (59%), emergency treatment (56%), access to the pharmacy (47%) and delay in healthcare (46%). Thirty seven per cent perceived that they could not access care because of social restriction/lockdown, 29 per cent attributed arranging finance as a constraint to visiting hospitals and 16 per cent avoided going to the hospital, fearing COVID-19 infection. Interpretation & conclusions: : Our findings showed that people with chronic NCDs faced multiple challenges in accessing health care during the pandemic. A cohesive doctor-pharmacy-patient engagement is vital for managing NCD care during a pandemic. During emergencies, changes in dispensing practices and service provision closer to the patients are crucial. Additionally, health literacy and home-based NCD management should be encouraged.
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Today’s world is seriously affected and medical infrastructure is challenged due to the novel COVID-19 epidemics. On 15th May 2020, Naturemedicine published a detailed survey report which concluded that drugs like aminoquinolines, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine targeted the virus replication cycle by keeping the virus out of host cells and helping people to overcome the disease. But, the exponential incidence rate cannot be stopped and some limitations also detected to treat the patients using these drugs. In these circumstances, suitable medicines are immediately needed that can also help in vaccine production. In this chapter, a novel AI based architecture has been proposed to obtain influencial drugs for the COVID-19 treatment. Here, The COVID-19 (MT050943 and MT012098) data are taken from the NCBI database, submitted by the Government of India to build tests and find drugs. A detailed analysis of these sequences has been performed to find the noncoding percentage, gene density, and abundances in functional gene categories using Virus Amplicon Sequencing Assembly Pipeline (V-ASAP). This analysis finds the unique regions in the virus genome as a target region. This knowledge is feed into the AI model. Firstly, the informative genes are selected from the target region. Then the Advanced Matched Molecular Pair (AMMP) analysis is performed to study the possible local region of a drug and its impact. At last, a Generative Adversarial Convolution Neural Network (GACNN) is trained with the information gain and performs a gradient-based optimization to predict the drug to target for the validate genome. The result of the proposed methodology obtains higher accuracy than the other existing methods and identified effective drugs (like, Dexamethasone, Remdesivir etc.) for the study of the COVID-19 vaccine. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
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Purpose here in this manuscriptis tostudy the pulmonary function test in stage 1 and stage 2 in COVID-19 patients. With regard to Materials and Methods our case study consist of 89 patients, with single centredHospital based comparative cross-sectional study.Results in the present paperOverall patients enrolled in the study were aged more than 40 years almost exclusively male 66 patients (74.2%), 23 females (25.4 %). All the patients were asked detailed history about smoking and pre-existing comorbidities of lung which decreases chances of false positive result of the study. The patient with higher HRCT score were found to have decreased in the Forced expiratory volume and other parameters of spirometry. In Conclusion we can statethat COVID 19 pneumonia may result in clinically relevant alteration in pulmonary function test with mainly restrictive pattern. © 2021, Annals of R.S.C.B. All rights reserved.
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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: In children with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, virological characteristics and correlation with disease severity have not been extensively studied. The primary objective in this study is to determine the correlation between SARS-CoV-2 viral load (VL) in infected children with age, disease severity, and underlying comorbidities. METHODS: Children <21 years, screened for SARS-CoV-2 at the time of hospitalization, who tested positive by polymerase chain reaction were included in this study. VL at different sites was determined and compared between groups. RESULTS: Of the 102 children included in this study, 44% of the cohort had asymptomatic infection, and children with >1 comorbidity were the most at risk for severe disease. VL in children with symptomatic infection was significantly higher than in children with asymptomatic infection (3.0 x 10<sup>5</sup> vs 7.2 x 10<sup>3</sup> copies per mL;P = .001). VL in the respiratory tract was significantly higher in children <1 year, compared with older children (3.3 x 10<sup>7</sup> vs 1.3 x 10<sup>4</sup> copies per mL respectively;P < .0001), despite most infants presenting with milder illness. Besides the respiratory tract, SARS-CoV-2 RNA was also detectable in samples from the gastrointestinal tract (saliva and rectum) and blood. In 13 children for whom data on duration of polymerase chain reaction positivity was available, 12 of 13 tested positive 2 weeks after initial diagnosis, and 6 of 13 continued to test positive 4 weeks after initial diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: In hospitalized children with SARS-CoV-2, those with >1 comorbid condition experienced severe disease. SARS-CoV-2 VL in the respiratory tract is significantly higher in children with symptomatic disease and children <1 year of age.
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In this paper, we are planning to build an application through which victims of Covid-19 can put their data. Once an effective data set is built, the application is capable to predict a COVID-19 zone based on these data by using a regression model. The parameters of the data set will be: 1. How many times a person visited outside. 2. City of the person, who visited abroad recently if yes then which country (take the ratio of victims to their population density as a parameter), if no then we will put a zero. 3. The cases in their home town by simply accessing their location (take the ratio of victims to the population density of that area). 4. Once data set is built, then train a regression model to predict the chances of a person being a victim of Covid - 19 and once that information is available we can simply observe in which area the no of suspected no of people is greater through which we can tell the chance of an area being affected by this situation. 5. Although parameters of the data set are limited now but we are planning to add more so that more accurate models can be built. © 2021 Institute of Physics Publishing. All rights reserved.
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BACKGROUND: COVID 19 is an acute respiratory disease caused by infection by the virus SARS-COV-2 and has been declared as a pandemic whose specific treatment is still not established. One of the options in the treatment is Convalescent plasma (CP) therapy when there is presence of required amount of neutralizing antibodies in the plasma of recovered COVID patients. Our objective was to analyze the challenges and the constraints encountered in motivation of COVID 19 recovered persons to come for the screening procedures and to convince the selected persons to come for Plasma donation voluntarily. MATERIAL & METHODS: The present retrospective observational study was conducted for a period of five and half months. Out of 1515 number of persons contacted telephonically for Plasma donation, 1291 persons came for screening of whom 1028 persons were eligible for donation, 263 cases were deferred and 966 persons finally donated. RESULTS: Maximum number of acceptance cases were from males-(98.7%). Of the accepted cases, (41.73%) were from the 18-30 years' age group. 33.94% were from blood group 'O' Rh D positive giving maximum contribution from any blood group. 38.3% of the accepted cases had resolution of all COVID symptoms within time period of 28-40 days. Maximum number of accepted individuals (39.75%) had suffered from multiple symptoms followed by 39.02% of asymptomatic persons. Highest number of Plasma donation was contributed by Odisha Government Police personnel (51.56%). DISCUSSION: In this global ongoing pandemic, the "Fear Factor of contracting the disease" has acted as a major challenge in motivating and convincing a COVID recovered patient for plasma donation. The challenge before the medical professionals was to motivate, educate and convince the potential donors and the society about the likely benefits of convalescent plasma. This could be finally overcome with the help of positive orientation through social and conventional media as well as mass appeal from government side on the benefits of plasma therapy in saving lives in the present pandemic.
Subject(s)
Blood Donors/supply & distribution , Blood Donors/statistics & numerical data , COVID-19/therapy , Adolescent , Adult , Female , Guidelines as Topic , Humans , Immunization, Passive , Male , Middle Aged , Retrospective Studies , Young Adult , COVID-19 SerotherapyABSTRACT
The focus of this paper is to study the usage of social networking sites by the Karnatakites for finding information regarding COVID-19. A web survey was distributed among the targeted participants to collect data for the study. The study findings reported that cent percent of the participants were users of social networking sites in whichWhatsApp, YouTube, and Facebook were the most used SNSs for finding information regarding the COVID-19. The respondents used SNSs mainly to search for information regarding the status of COVID-19 in India as well as at the global level. Most of the respondents (48.8%) agreed that the information available on SNSs regarding COVID-19was informative and up to date. The study also reported that the majority of respondents found the use of social networking sites satisfiable in finding vital information regarding the COVID-19 pandemic. The study is first of its kind to explore the use of SNSs among the Karnatakites for finding information regarding the COVID-19 outbreak. The findings of the study, of course, give proper insights to the digital natives and netizens for using SNSs as information resources, especially during such critical pandemic disease outbreaks. © 2020. All Rights Reserved.